<aside> 💡 Exercise: Write a Python program to simulate a simple bank account with deposit, withdrawal, and balance operations.
</aside>
In Python, a module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. It helps us to organize related code into a single file, which makes the code cleaner and easier to understand.
A Python package, on the other hand, is a directory of Python modules. It's a way of organizing related modules into a single directory hierarchy.
A Python module can be created by creating a .py file. For instance, you can create a math_operations.py file and include definitions and statements in it.
# math_operations.py
def add(x, y):
return x + y
def subtract(x, y):
return x - y
PI = 3.14159
You can then import this module into another Python script and use its functions and variables.
# main.py
import math_operations
print(math_operations.add(5, 3)) # prints 8
print(math_operations.subtract(5, 3)) # prints 2
print(math_operations.PI) # prints 3.14159
Python also has several built-in modules that you can use. One example is the math module.
import math
print(math.pi) # prints 3.141592653589793
print(math.sqrt(16)) # prints 4.0
You can import specific functions or variables from a module using the from ... import ... syntax.
from math_operations import add, subtract
print(add(5, 3)) # prints 8
print(subtract(5, 3)) # prints 2
A Python package is a way of organizing related modules into a single directory hierarchy. For instance, you can have a shapes package with separate modules for circle, square, and rectangle.
shapes/
__init__.py
circle.py
square.py
rectangle.py
The __init__.py file is required to make Python treat the directory as a package. This file can be left empty but we generally place the initialization code for that package in this file.
Here's an example of how you might structure the circle.py module:
# circle.py
from math import pi
def area(radius):
return pi * radius ** 2
def circumference(radius):
return 2 * pi * radius